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Colonoscopy

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Colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon, or large intestine. It involves inserting a long, flexible tube with a tiny camera and light at the end (called a colonoscope) through the anus and into the rectum and colon. The procedure is usually performed under sedation, and it typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes to complete.

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Benefits:

  • Early detection of colon cancer: Colonoscopy is the most effective way to detect colon cancer early. It can identify precancerous growths, or polyps, which can be removed during the procedure to prevent them from developing into cancer.

  • Diagnosis of other digestive conditions: Colonoscopy can also help diagnose other conditions that can affect the digestive system, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding.

  • Treatment of certain conditions: In some cases, colonoscopy can be used to treat conditions, such as removing polyps or other growths or widening narrowed areas of the colon.

 

Risks:

  • Bleeding: In rare cases, colonoscopy can cause bleeding, particularly if a polyp or other abnormality is removed during the procedure.

- Perforation: A tear in the colon can occur during colonoscopy, which can require surgery to repair.

  • Reaction to sedation: Some people may have an adverse reaction to the sedation medication used during the procedure.

  • Incomplete exam: Occasionally, the colonoscope cannot reach the entire length of the colon due to anatomic variations or other reasons.

 

Indications:

  • Screening for colon cancer: Colonoscopy is recommended as a screening tool for colon cancer starting at age 45 for most people with average risk.

  • Diagnostic testing for digestive symptoms: Colonoscopy may be recommended for people with symptoms such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits.

  • Monitoring of certain conditions: People with a history of colon polyps or IBD may require regular colonoscopies to monitor for changes or recurrence of these conditions.

 

Details:

  • Preparation: A thorough bowel preparation is required before the procedure to ensure that the colon is clear of any stool or debris that could obstruct the view of the colonoscope.

  • Sedation: Most people are given sedation to help them relax and reduce discomfort during the procedure.

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Procedure:

The colonoscope is inserted into the anus and slowly advanced through the rectum and colon. The camera at the end of the scope allows the doctor to examine the lining of the colon for any abnormalities.

 

Aftercare:

Most people can resume their normal activities the day after the procedure, although some may experience mild abdominal discomfort or bloating. It is important to follow any post-procedure instructions provided by the doctor, including dietary restrictions and medication instructions.

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